tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87242974756502591312024-03-24T14:10:34.634+07:00Balaghoh - Ilmu BayanYasin Iskandar Al-Bantanihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16359208400888696696noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8724297475650259131.post-5845804695947367282012-12-15T18:22:00.001+07:002012-12-15T18:38:11.199+07:00ILMU BALAGHOH - Wajah Syabah<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">MAKALAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">WAJAH SAYABAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Tugas Mandiri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Mata Kuliah : Balaghoh 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Dosen Pengampu : Maman Dzul Iman, S.Ag. MA.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Disusun Oleh : Yasin Iskandar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">No. Induk Mahasiswa : 1410120040<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">INATITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) SYEKH NURJATI CIREBON<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Jl . By Pass Perjuangan Sunyaragi Cirebon<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">WAJAH SYABAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">والوجه
ما يشتركان فيه </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>#</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> وداخلان وخارجا تلفيه<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">وخارج
وصف حقيقي جلا </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span>#</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></b><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="RTL"></span> بحس أوعقل ونسبي تلا<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah
Syabah</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> ialah makna atau sifat (yang
disengaja) untuk mensekutukan musyabbah dan musyabbah bih pada sifat tersebut,
wajah syabah itu ada dua macam,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">1. Yang masuk pada hakikat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">2. Yang keluar dari hakikat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah
Syabah khoriji</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> ialah sifat
yang hakiki yang tampak dengan indera atau akal, dan sifat yang bersifat nisbi
( penisbatan atau penyandaran ) ( mabadi’ul balaghoh : 113 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Devinisi Wajah Syabah<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>suatu sifat atau makna yang disengaja untuk mensekutukan
musyabbah dan musyabbbah bih pada ssifat tersebut.</i> ( Hasyiyah Al-Allamah Asy-Syaikh Makhluf : 138 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> seperti
sifat pemberani (syaja’ah) didialam
menyerupakan laki-laki yang pemberani
dengan harimau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian Wajah Syabah<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah Syabah ditinjau dari hakikat
musyabbah dan musyabbah bih itu ada dua macam :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">1. Wajah Syabah Dakhili<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah yang masuk
pada hakikat musyabbah dan musyabbah bih.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Seperti menyamakan satu pakain dengan pakaian yang lain di dalam
jenisnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">هذا</span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">
القميص مثل هذا</span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Baju
kurung ini seperti baju kurung ini ( <b><u>didalam sama-sama terbuat dari katun</u></b>
)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Dinamakan <b>Wajah Syabah Dakhili</b>,
yang artinya masuk pada hakikat, karena katun adalah masuk pada hakikatnya
musyabbah dan musyabbah bih, bukan sifat yang menetap pada keduanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">2. Wajah Syabah Khoriji<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah yang keluar dari hakikat
musyabbah dan musyabbah bih, tetapi merupakan sifat yang melekat pada keduanya.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> seperti sifat pemberani
(<i>Syaja’ah</i>) di dalam menyerupakan lelaki yang pemberani dengan harimau.
Sifat pemberani itu bukan masuk pada hakikatnya harimau dan orang laki-laki
yang pemberani, tetapi merupakan sifat yang melekat pada keduanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah Syabah Khoriji</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">
dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">a. Khoriji Haqiqi<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yang juga dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">1. Khoriji Hakiki Hissi<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah yang berada
di luar hakikat musyabbah dan musyabbah bih dan bisa ditemukan dengan panca
indera.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yang
bisa dilihat dengan mata, seperti warna, nbentuk ukuran dan gerakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yang
bisa ditemukan dengan telinga seperti suara yang lemah, suara yang kuat dan
suara yang berada di antara keduanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yang
bisa ditemukan oleh indera perasa seperti beberapa rasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yang
bisa ditemukan oleh indera pencium seperti macam-macam bau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yang
bisa ditemukan oleh indera peraba seperti panas, dingin, basah, kering, dan
lain-lain. ( <i>Hilyatu lubbil mahsun : 137</i> )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">2. Khoriji
Hakiki Aqli<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah yang berada di luar hakikat musyabbah dan
musyabbah bih dan tidak bisa ditemukan oleh
panca indera</i>.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Sifat-sifat yang melekat pada jiwa, seperti cerdas, berilmu,
pemarah, aris bijaksana, dermawan, kikir, pemberani, penakut dan lain-lain.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">b. Khoriji Nisbi
( Idlofi )<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah
yang berupa suatu makna atau sifat yang berada di antara dua perkara (musyabbah
dan musyabbah bih).</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Seperti menghilangkan hijab di dalam menyerupakan hujjah dengan
matahari, karena hal itu (menghilangkan hijjab) bukan merupakan sifat yang
melekat pada hujjjah ataubmenetap pada matahari, tetapi merupakan sifat yang
melekat di antara keduanya.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> <b>Wajah Syabah</b>
ditinjau dari sisi <i>tersusun dan tidaknya</i> itu terbagi menjadi tiga,
yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">1. Wajah Syabah Mufrod<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>wajah
syabah yang oleh urf dianggap mufrod (tidak tersusun)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> </span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">خده كالورد <u>في الخمر</u></span></b><b><u><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">ة</span></u></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> ( Pipinya seperti bunga mawar <b><u>didalam
merahnya</u></b> )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah Syabah Mufrod</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">
terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">a. Mufrod Hissi<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah mufrod yang bisa ditemukan panca indera.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> : <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">هذا الثوب مثل هذا <u>في
الصفرة</u></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">( </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Baju ini seperti baju ini <b><u>dalam
kuningnya</u></b> )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">b. Mufrod Akli<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah mufrod yang tidak bisa ditemukan oleh panca
indera.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> <span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">العلم كالنور <u>في الاهتداء</u></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">(
Ilmu itu seperti cahaya <b><u>didalam menunnjukkannya</u></b> )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">2. Wajah Syabah
Murokkab<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah yang tersusun dari beberapa perkara.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Mengenai pengertian <i>murokkab </i>(tersusun) itu mencakup dua
hal, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -71.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span>·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Murokkab
Hakiki<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu
: <i>wajah syabah yang pada hakikatnya terususun dari beberapa perkara.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
tersusun disini adalah lebih dari satu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -71.45pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span>·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Murokkab
I’tibai<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu
: <i>Wajah Syabah yang tersusun dari beberapa perkara menurut pandangan akal.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Wajah syabah Murokkab</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> juga terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">a. <i>Murokkab Hissi<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah murokab yang bisa ditemukan oleh panca
indera.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">وقد لاح بالفجر الثريا كما ترى
# كعنقود ملاحية حين نورا</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Bintang kejora
yang tampak di waktu fajar, kamu sksikan <b>laksana </b>dompolan anggur putih
dalam bentuknya, yang panjang bijinya tatkala mengembang <b>(Abu Qois bin Aslat)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Wajah Syabah
dalam contoh ini adalah tersusunnya suatu keadaan yang dihasilkann dari
terpadunya beberapa bentuk putih yang melingkar, yang kecil-kecil bentuknya
dalam pandanga mata. ( <i>Al-Idloh fi ulumil balaghoh : 174</i> )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">b. Murokkab Akli<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah Murokkab yang tidak bisa ditemukan oleh
panca indera, tetapi bisa ditemukan oleh angan-angan dari akal.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">مثل الذين حمل التورة ثم لم يحملوها كمثل الحمار يحمل اسفارا<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Perumpamaan
orang yang menanggung kitab taurot, kemudian mereka tidak mengamalkannya, <b>seperti</b>
keledai yang membawa buku <b>( QS Al-Jum’ah : 5 )</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Wajah
syabahnya adalah <b><u>keletihan dan kecapekan yang dilakukannya bersamaan
tidak menghasilkan manfaat apapun.<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah syabah yang demikian tidaklah tampak oleh mata, akan tetapi
tampak oleh angan-angan dari akal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">3. Wajah Syabah
Muta’addid<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu ; <i>Wajah syabah yang lebih dari satu.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah Syabah ini juga terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">a. Muta’addid Hissi<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah Muta’addid yang bisa ditemukan oleh
panca indera..<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">هذه الفواكه كهذه في اللون والطعم والرئحة</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Buah ini <b><i>seperti</i></b>
buah yang ini <b><i>didalam warna, rasa dan bau.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah Syabah dalam contoh tersebut adalah Muta’addid (<i>lebih dari
satu</i>) yaitu, <i>warna, rasa, dan bau.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">b. Muta’addid Akli<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah yang muta’addid yang tidak bisa ditemukan
oleh panca indera, tetapi masih bisa ditemukan oleh akal.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">هذا الرجل مثل هذا في العلم والحلم والحياء</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Lelaki ini <b><i>seperti</i></b>
lelaki yang ini <b><i>didalam ilmu, kebijaksanaannya, dan sifat pemalunya.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">c. Muta’addid Mukhhtalifi<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu : <i>Wajah Syabah Muta’addid yang sebagian bersifat hissi dan
sebagian yang lain bersifat akli.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : </span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">هذا الجل كالشمس في حسن الطلعة وكمال الشرف</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Lelaki ini <b><i>seperti</i></b>
matahari <b><i>didalam ketampanan wajahnya dan kesempurnaan kemuliaannya</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Wajah Syabah Tadlodl<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Wajah Syabah itu
adakalanya yang diamdilkan dari sesuatu yang berlawanan, lalu ditempatkan pada
tempatnya serasi ( tanasu ), lalu sesuatu yang memiliki sifat yyang berlawanan
tersebut diserupakan pada musyabbahnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Tujuannya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Tujuan menggunakan Wajah
Syabah Tadlodl adalah untuk <b><i>tahakkum</i> </b>( <i>menghina atau
mentertawakan </i>) atau untuk <b><i>tamlih</i></b> ( <i>mempermanis perkataan</i>
)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"> Seperti menyerupakan
lelaki yang bakhil dengan <b>Hatim</b> <i>( seseorang yang sangat terkenal
kedermawanannya</i> ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left;">
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">هذا
الرجل كحاتم </span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> ( </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">Lelaki
yang kikir ini <i>seperti</i> hatim ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Yasin Iskandar Al-Bantanihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16359208400888696696noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8724297475650259131.post-8183609352497466102012-10-23T16:42:00.001+07:002012-12-09T10:00:05.606+07:00Balaghoh (Ilmu Bayan)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">مواضعه</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">و</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">البيان</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">علم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">تعرف</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">البيان</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">علم</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Ilmu Bayan </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu
bayan secara bahasa artinya Al-kasyfu (mengungkapkan) dan Al-idloh
(menjelaskan) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara istilah</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">فى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">بعض</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">عن</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">بعضها</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL">يخثلف</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">بطرق</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">الواحد</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">المعنى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">ايراد</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL">بها</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">يعرف</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">قواعد</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">و</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">اصول</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL">المعنى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">ذلك</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">نفس</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">على</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">الدلالة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL">وضوح</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu
dasar-dasar dan qoidah-qoida yang digunakan untuk mengetahui mendatangkan satu
makna yang di kehendaki mutakallim dengan berbagai cara (berbagai tartib) yang
sebagiannya berbeda dengan sebagian yang lain didalam menunjukan kejelasan
makna tersebut (dan di hamskan tetap dalam batasan muaptadol hal). (As-sayyid
Ahmad Al-Hasyim: I53)</span></div>
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<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">مختلف</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">بطرق</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">لمعنىا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">تأدية</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>#<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">عرف</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">مابه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">علم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">لبيانا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL">فن</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu
bayan adalah suatu ilmu yang digunakan untuk mengetahui mendatangkan suatu
makna yang dikehendaki (mutakallim) dengan berbagai cara yang berbeda-beda
kejelasannya. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maudlu’ (sasaran) Ilmu Bayan </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sasarannya
adalah lafadz-lafadz bahasa arab dari sisi majas dan kinayah. (Asy-syaikh
Makhluf: 103) </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengarang Ilmu Bayan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang mengarang ilmu ini
adalah Abu ubaidah, yang telah membukukan masalah-masalah ilmu bayan
didalamkitabnya yang bernama “Majazul Qur’an”, dan ilmu ini berkembang sedikit
demi sedikit hingga sampai pada masanya Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jurjani, lalu
beliau mengukuhkan dasar-dasar dan bangunannya. Menertibkan kaidah-kaidahnyam
lalu diikuti oleh imam Al-Jakhidz, Ibnu Mu’taz, Qudamah dan Abu Hilal
Al-askari. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tsamroh (Buah) Ilmu Bayan </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu
mengetahui rahasia kalam arab, baik yang berupa kalam nadrom atau natsar,
mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kefasihan kalam, mengetahui tingkat perbedaan
tingkat balaghah. Suatu kalam yang pada gilirannya sampai pada tingkat ‘ijazul
Qur’an. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembahasan Ilmu Bayan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembahasan
ilmu bayan meliputi 3 bab, yaitu: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab
Tasybih </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab
Majaz</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bab
kinayah </span></div>
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<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">كناية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">أو</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL">مجاز</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">أو</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">تشبية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> #<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ثلاثة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">فى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">حصروا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
<span dir="RTL">وضوحها</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <b><u>Tasybih</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tasybih adalah penjelasan bahwa suatu hal atau
beberapa hal memiliki kesamaan sifat dengan hal yang lain. Penjelasan tersebut
menggunakan huruf <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ك</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> atau sejenisnya baik tersurat maupun tersirat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1 Unsur-Unsur Tasybih</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Tasybih ada empat yaitu
musyabbah, musyabbah bih (kedua unsur ini disebut sebagai <i>tharafait-tasybih</i>/dua
pihak yang diserupakan), adat tasybih, dan wajah syibeh. Wajah syibeh pada
musyabbah bih diisyaratkan lebih kuat dan lebih jelas daripada musyabbah.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kosakata
:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Musyabbah
: Sesuatu yang hendak diserupakan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Musyabbah
bih : Sesuatu yang diserupai.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Wajah
Syibeh : Sifat yang terdapat pada kedua <span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>pihak.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><b>1.2 Adat
Tasybih</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adat Tasybih : Huruf/kata yang
menyatakan <span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>penyerupaan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh dalam syair:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al-Ma’arri menyatakan tentang
seseorang yang dipujanya:</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أنت</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">كالشّمس
فى الضّياء وإنجا وزت كيوان فى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">علوّ المكان</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<i>Engkau bagaikan matahari yang
memancarkan sinarnya walaupun kau berada di atas planet Pluto di tempat yang
paling tinggi</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syair di atas menjelaskan bahwa si
penyair tahu orang yang dipujanya memiliki wajah bercahaya dan menyilaukan
mata, lalu ia ingin membuat perumpamaan yang memiliki sifat paling kuat dalam
hal menerangi dan ternyata ia tidak menjumpai suatu hal pun yang lebih kuat
daripada sinar matahari. Maka ia menyempurnakannya dengan matahari, dan untuk
itu ia bubuhi huruf <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">ك</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> (kata perumpamaan/seperti).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3 Pembagian Tasybih</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(1) <b><i>Tasybih
Mursal</i></b> adalah tasybih yang disebut adat tasybihnya. Contoh: </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -20.15pt;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أنا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">كالماء
إنرضيت صفاء وإذاما سخطت كنت لهيبا</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<i>Bila aku rela, maka aku setenang
air yang jernih; dan bila aku marah, maka aku sepanas api menyala</i>).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2) <b><i>Tasybih
Mu’akkad</i></b> adalah tasybih yang dibuang adat tasybihnya. Contoh: </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -20.15pt;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">انت نجم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">فى
رفعة وضياء تجتليك العيون شرقا وغربا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<i>Kedudukanmu yang tinggi dan
kemashyuranmu bagaikan bintang yang tinggi lagi bercahya. Semua mata, baik di
belahan timur maupun barat, menatap ke arahmu</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 76.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(3)
<b><i>Tasybih Mujmal</i></b> adalah tasybih yang dibuang wajah syibehnya.
Contoh: </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -20.15pt;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وكأنّ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">الشّمس
المنيرة دينار جلته حدائد الضّرّاب</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<i>Matahari yang bersinar itu
sungguh bagaikan dinar {uang logam} yang tampak kuning cemerlang berkat tempaan
besi cetakannya</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(4) <b><i>Tasybih
Mufashshal</i></b> adalah tasybih yang disebut wajah syibehnya. Contoh: </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">سرنا</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">فى
ليل بهيم كأنّه البحر ظلاما وإرهابا</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<i>Aku berjalan pada suatu malam
yang gelap dan menakutkan, bagaikan berjalan di tengah laut</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(5) <b><i>Tasybih Baligh</i></b>
adalah tasybih yang dibuang adat tasybih dan wajah syibehnya. Contoh:</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">النّشر</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">مسك
والوجوه دنا نير واطراف الأكفّ عنم</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<i>Baunya yang semerbak itu bak
minyak kesturi, wajah-wajahnya yang berkilauan bak dinar {uang logam} dan
ujung-ujung telapak tangannya merah bak pacar</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 36.0pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><b>1.4
Maksud Dan Tujuan Tasybih Adalah:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menjelaskan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> kemungkinan terjadinya sesuatu hal
pada musyabbah yakni ketika sesuatu yang sangat aneh disandarkan kepada
musyabbah dan keanehan itu tidak lenyap sebelum dijelaskan keanehan serupa
dalam kasus lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjelaskan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> keadaan musyabbah yakni bila
musyabbah tidak dikenal sifatnya sebelum dijelaskan melalui tasybih yang
menjelaskannya. Dengan demikian, tasybih itu memberikan pengertian yang sama
dengan kata sifat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjelaskan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> kadar keadaan musyabbah yakni bila
musyabbah sudah diketahui keadaannya secara global lalu tasybih didatangkan
untuk menjelaskan rincian keadaan itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menegaskan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> keadaan musyabbah yakni bila
sesuatu yang disandarkan kepada musyabbah itu membutuhkan penegasan dan
penjelasan dengan contoh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memperindah</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau memperburuk musyabbah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
</span></i></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majaz</span></u></b><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn26"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[26]</span></i></b></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majaz</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> secara
etimologi terbentuk dari kata <i>jâza al-syai’<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>
yajûzuhu</i> (melampaui sesuatu). Sedangkan secara terminology. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majaz </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">menurut
al-Jurjani berarti nominal yang dimaksudkan untuk menunjuk sesuatu yang bukan
makna tekstual, karena adanya kecocokan antara keduanya (makna tekstual dan
kontekstual).</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn27"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[27]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1
Pembagian Majaz</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Majaz Lughawi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majaz Lughawi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
adalah ujaran yang digunakan untuk menunjuk sesuatu diluar makna tekstual
(dalam istilah percakapan) karena adanya korelasi (dengan makna kiasan), dengan
adanya indikasi yang melarang pemaknaan asli (tekstual).</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn28"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[28]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majaz Lughawi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
dibagi lagi menjadi dua macam: <b><i>Isti’arah</i></b><i> </i>dan <b><i>Majaz
Mursal</i></b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1) <i>Isti’arah</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isti’arah</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
adalah majaz dimana hubungan antara makna asli dengan makna kiasan bersifat
hubungan ke-serupa-an. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isti’arah</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
dilihat dari segi penyebutan <i>musyabbah</i> dan <i>musyabbah bih</i>-nya
dibagi lagi menjadi dua macam</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn29"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[29]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)
<i>Al-Isti’arah al-Tashrihiyyah</i>:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
adalah <i>isti’arah</i> yang diutarakan dengan tetap menyebutkan kata-kata <i>musyabbah
bih</i>-nya, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وأقبل
يمشى فى البساط فما درى * إلى البحر يسعى أم إلى البدر يرتقى</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)
<i>Al-Isti’arah al-Makniyyah</i>:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
adalah <i>isti’arah</i> yang dibuang <i>musyabbah bih-</i>nya dan digantikan
dengan sesuatu yang lazim dengan itu, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وإذا
المنية أنشبت أطفارها * ألفيت كل تميمة لا تنفع</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dilihat</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dari segi pengambilan kata-kata yang dijadikan <i>isti’arah</i>,
<i>isti’arah</i> ada dua macam, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a) <i>Isti’ârah
Ashliyyah</i> :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yaitu <i>isti’ârah</i> yang mana
kata-kata <i>isti’arah</i>-nya berasal dari <i>ism jins (generik noun: </i>kumpulan
noun berupa sesuatu non-personal<i>)</i>, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كِتَابٌ
أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ
بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَى صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ </span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>(<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">إبراهيم: 1</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b) <i>Isti’ârah
Taba’iyyah</i>:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yaitu <i>isti’ârah</i> yang
kata-kata <i>isti’arah</i>-nya diambil dari <i>isim, fiil</i> ataupun <i>huruf</i>,
contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وَلأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ
فِي جُذُوعِ النَّخْلِ وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَا أَشَدُّ وَأَبْقَى (طه:71</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dilihat dari pengkiasan <i>musyabbah</i>
dan <i>musyabbah bih</i>-nya, <i>isti’arah</i> dibagi menjadi tiga macam:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.
<b><i>Al-Isti’arah al-Murasysyahah:</i></b> yaitu <i>isti’ârah</i> yang
disebutkan pengkiasan pada<i> musyabbah bih</i>-nya, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">أُولَـئِكَ
الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوا الضَّلاَلَةَ بِالْهُدَى فَمَا رَبِحَت تِجَارَتُهُمْ وَمَا
كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ (البقرة: 16</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. <b><i>Al-isti’ârah
al-Mujarradah</i>:</b> yaitu <i>isti’ârah</i> yang disebutkan pengkiasan pada <i>musyabbah</i>-nya,
contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وليلة
مرضت من كل ناحية * فما يضئ لـها نجم ولا قمر</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c) <b><i>Al-Isti’ârah
al-Muthlaqah</i>:</b> yakni <i>isti’ârah </i>yang tidak disebutkan pengkiasan
pasa <i>musyabbah</i> dan <i>musyabbah bih</i>-nya, ataupun disebutkan keduanya
secara bersamaan, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الَّذِينَ
يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَآأَمَرَ اللَّهُ
بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الأَرْضِ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
(البقرة: 27</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2) Majâz <i>Mursal</i> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majâz Mursal</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah <i>majâz</i> dimana hubungan pemaknaannya tidak
bersifat ke-serupa-an.<i> Majâz mursal</i> dilihat dari segi pengkiasannya
dibagi ke dalam beberapa bentuk, diantaranya</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn30"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[30]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)
<i>As-Sababiyyah</i> , contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">له
أياد علي سابغة * أعد منها ولا أعددها (المتنبى</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b) <i>Al-Musabbabiyyah</i>,
contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فمن
شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)
<i>Al-Kulliyah</i>, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يقولون
بأفواههم ما ليس في قلوبهم (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d) <i>Al-Juz`iyyah</i>,
contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فرجعنك
إلى أمك تقر عينها ولا تحزن (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e)
<i>I’tibâr mâ kâna</i>, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وآتو
اليتامى أموالـهم (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f)
<i>I’tibâr mâ yakûnu</i>, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إني
أرني أعصر خمرا (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g) <i>Al-Hâliyah</i>,
contoh :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">واسأل
القرية التى كنا فيها (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h) <i>Al-Mahalliyah</i>,
contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وأما
الذين ابيضت وجوههم ففى رحمة الله (الآية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span dir="LTR"></span>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Majâz ‘Aqli</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Majâz ‘aqli</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah <i>majâz</i> yang menyandarkan <i>fi’il (verb)</i>
atau sejenisnya bukan kepada pemaknaan yang sebenarnya karena adanya indikasi
yang melarang pemakmaan yang sebenarnya (tekstual)</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn31"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[31]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.
Ada beberapa model hubungan pengkiasan dalam <i>majâz ‘aqli</i>, diantaranya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)
Hubungan sebab akibat, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وإذا
تليت عليهم آياته زدتهم إيمانا</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)
Hubungan waktu, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يوما
يجعل الولدان شيبا</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)
Hubungan tempat, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">وجعلنا
الأنهار تجرى من تحتهم</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Al-Kinâyah(metonymy</span></i></b><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn32"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[32]</span></i></b></a><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kinâyah</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> secara etimologi adalah sesuatu yang dibicarakan oleh
seseorang namun maksudnya lain. Secara terminologi, <i>kinâyah</i> berarti
ujaran yang dimaksudkan bukan untuk makna sesungguhnya, namun diperbolehkan
menggunaan makna sesungguhnya karena tidak adanya indikasi yang melarang
keinginan pemaknaan <i>haqiqî</i>.</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn33"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[33]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kinâyah</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dilihat dari segi kedudukan kalimatnya dibagi menjadi tiga,
yaitu</span><a href="http://ibnusamsulhuda.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/obyek-kajian-ilmu-balaghah/#_ftn34"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[34]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)
Berkedudukan sebagai <i>sifat</i>,contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">قالت
الخنساء فى أخيها صخر: طويل النجاد رفيع العماد * كثير الرماد إذا ما شتا</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)
Berkedudukan sebagai <i>mausûf,</i> contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الضاربين
بكل أبيض مخدام * والطاعنين مجامع الأضغان</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)
Berkedudukan sebagai <i>nisbat</i>, contoh:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">إن
السماحة والمروءة والندى * فى قبة ضربت على ابن الحشرج</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">الوضعية</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">دلالة</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="LTR"></span>
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
dilalah </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilalah
secara bahasa artinya menunjukan (tanda). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara istilah </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">امر</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">من</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">امر</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> <span dir="RTL">فهم</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilalah secara istilah
adalah memahami suatu perkara dari perkara yang lain. (hilyatul lubbil mashun:
134) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian
dilalah </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilalah
wadi’iyyah dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu: </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilalah
muthobaqoh </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">كون
اللفظ دالا على تمام ماوضع له</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu
keberadaan suatu lafadz yang menunjukan kesempurnaan makna yang dicetak
untuknya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilalah
fadlommum </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">كون
اللفظ دالا على جزءه فى ضمن كله </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu
keberadaan suatu lafadz yang menunjukan makna sebagian yang tercakup dalam
keseluruhan lafadz. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilalah
iltizam </span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">كون
اللفظ دالا على أمرخارج عن معناه لازم له</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu keberadaan
lafadz yang menunjukan pada perkara yang keluar dari maknanya, tetapi selalu
menetap padanya. </span></div>
Yasin Iskandar Al-Bantanihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16359208400888696696noreply@blogger.com10